As parents, we know it is our duty to keep our kids safe. Safe from mean kids, or bad teachers, or harmful relationships, or drugs or alcohol. We know some kids at school might be bad influences on our child, and we get that we should warn our kids about the drug dealers and strangers on the street. But are you aware of the risks your adolescent faces every time they start up their computer in your own home?

The age of technology

A new Nielsen Online study, conducted on behalf of the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP), measured the online viewing habits of teens, and tracked their exposure to drug-related content. The findings reveal that one in 20 teens who are viewing online videos watched one or more drug-related videos during a one-month period. The analysis found that more than a third of those viewing drug-related content are under the age of 16 (1).

Kids today have more access to drugs through technology than ever before. The Internet has countless sites that promote drug and alcohol use, that tell kids how to get away with using drugs, and that sell prescription drugs without any regulation. Some sites today even teach kids how to make their own drugs, or how to beat a drug test.

New Legislation

Legislation was approved by Congress last month that would regulate more closely how internet companies sell prescription drugs online. According to this legislation, no company would be able to sell prescription medication without a valid prescription from a doctor that has actually seen the patient.

While this might help with the illegal selling of prescription drugs, there are still all the other sites on the Internet that provide kids with bad information about drugs. The bottom line is that there are many people out there that prey on young people, and are willing to illegally sell them drugs, or give them information that will cause them to experiment with drugs.

Parents’ Job

Parents need to become more informed about their children’s technology usage. It’s not just computers that are the problem, either. Other forms of communication; cell phones, blackberries, and social networking sites, can all be means of easy communication about drugs. Often the information being shared has a message about teen drug abuse that may wrongly teach kids that “everyone is doing it.”

Many parents either don’t know how to use the newest technology, or don’t understand the lingo that kids code their private messages in to make them seem like innocent conversations. Parents need to spend some time on the Internet themselves, checking up on the sites their kids are visiting, and learning about the social networking sites their kids have profiles on. Rules need to be established about what their kids can and cannot do on the Internet, and (as always) be aware of who your child is communicating with, and what they are doing with their free time. It is important that you are aware of some of the many risk factors of teen drug abuse as well.

(1) White House Drug Czar Alerts Parents to Threat of Online Exposure, Calls for Stronger Monitoring Oct. 7, 2008

Rubenstein, Sarah New Bill Targets Rogue Druggists on the Internet Oct. 9, 2008

Fletcher Stoeltje, Melissa Dealing with teen drug use 10/6/08

http://www.theantidrug.com/

Every parent is bound to think about the risk of drug or alcohol abuse among teens as their child gets older. Some parents don’t become aware that their child has been experimenting with drugs until it’s too late. Other parents are alerted earlier, or have a child that doesn’t hide their drug use as easily. But being aware of the risks your teen faces, as well as the warning signs of drug and alcohol abuse, parents may be able to prevent their child from a life of addiction.

Risks Factors of Teen Drug Abuse

Adolescents today are bombarded by drug and alcohol use at school, with friends, and even at home. There are many kids in school that provide each other with information about drugs, or encourage their friends to use drugs or alcohol. Then there are those kids who do drugs themselves or sell them to their classmates. And it seems that countless teenagers are listening to music or watching movies or videos that glorify drug use. Internet sites also pose a big problem for teens and adolescents today, providing them with information about drugs, or even selling them the drugs. With all the exposure to drugs that many teens face, it’s not surprising that adolescent drug abuse is such a problem.

There are groups of youth that are more at risk to use drugs or alcohol. Kids that have a hard home life are more likely to get involved with substance abuse to ease their problems. Parents that do drugs or are alcoholics themselves are more likely to raise children who try drugs or alcohol, and abuse of any kind will increase the risk of an adolescent trying drugs.

Warning Signs of Adolescent Drug Use

So what can you do if you suspect that your adolescent is trying drugs or alcohol? Experts say to go with your gut instinct. Don’t wait for the problem to explode in your face, but rather watch for warning signs ahead of time. Teenagers that are using drugs will often start having problems with schoolwork and grades. Teens will become more private, especially about their belongings and bedroom. Changes in who they are hanging around with will be common, and conversations will become more secretive with those new friends. Kids will try to hide the smell of chemicals or smoke by using air fresheners, incense, or mouthwashes. Red flags that should immediately alert you that your child is doing something they shouldn’t include missing money or missing prescription drugs from your possession, and finding drug paraphernalia among your child’s belongings.

There are many adolescent drug treatment facilities out there, and by stopping the problem before it gets too large to handle will aid in the recovery process. Be aware of what your teen children are doing with their time, who they are hanging around with, and what they are doing with the internet and other technologies. Don’t be afraid to set regulations with your child, and expect them to be followed. Being an involved parent is the best way for you to prevent drug and alcohol use by your teen.

Fletcher Stoeltje, Melissa Dealing with teen drug use 10/6/08

http://www.theantidrug.com/

Mapp, Marqui Combating teen drug abuse October 01, 2008

If your child has been diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, you might be one of the many parents in the world today that are concerned with the medications that have been prescribed for your child. While there have been studies on the long term effects of medications prescribed for ADD or ADHD, such as Adderall or Ritalin, the conclusions from these studies have been conflicting.

In the past (before 2007), studies have suggested that these medications actually decrease a child’s chance for abusing drugs when they get to be adolescents. However, a study reported by Harvard researchers in March of 2008 shows that by adulthood, these individuals are neither more nor less likely to abuse drugs or alcohol than their non ADHD/ADD peers. The study also reports that children taking these medications are not likely to become addicted to the stimulants, which help them ease their restless brains. To sum it all up, these children are not supposed to be any more likely to abuse drugs or alcohol than those who haven’t taken these medications.

Not everyone would agree. Some would argue that individuals with ADHD often end up turning to addictive substances as they get older, in order to self-medicate and try to feel normal. Often ADHD sufferers experience restlessness, difficulty with organization, and shame over their condition. Sometimes their medications seem to lose their effectiveness over time. Sometimes drugs and alcohol help ease their symptoms at first, but then become addicting and binding.

As far as the addicting qualities of ADHD medications go, it is known that amphetamines (Adderall) may pose a risk for abuse if used for prolonged periods of time. However, many of the cases of addiction to ADHD medications seem to be the result of improper use or lack of education. If a child sees their doctor increasing the dose of their Adderall in order to make the child feel better, the child may then learn to self medicate and increase the dose by themselves in the future.

Don’t Wait

One thing that most experts do agree on is that the sooner a child is treated for ADHD, the better. Children suffering from ADHD that go untreated over time will be more likely to feel depressed, restless, and suicidal. The research is clear that medications such as Adderall and Ritalin are usually effective in treating the symptoms of ADHD. By successfully treating the symptoms, a child will be made to feel more normal, and the less likely they will need to self-medicate.

The best thing parents can do if their child has been diagnosed with ADHD or ADD is to follow the doctor’s advice and give the medication as directed. However, it is important for parents to be aware of the risks the treatment may pose. By watching their children for signs of depression, self-medicating, or substance abuse, parents can help their children avoid any harmful consequences, while easing their restless brain and helping them gain control of their lives.

Richardson, Wendy ADHD and Addiction adders.org

Coker, Matt Adderall Treats ADHD But Can Lead to Addiction. One Clinic Tries to Help OC Kick ‘College Crack’ August 28, 2008 OC Weekly News

Shulman, Matthew Ritalin and the Risk of Substance Abuse U.S. News and World Report March 3, 2008

There has been a push lately for research that shows whether or not exercise can help prevent substance abuse and/or aid in the recovery of addictions. Some say that there is new evidence showing that exercise can help prevent substance abuse. A study recently found that teens that exercised daily were 40% less likely to experiment with marijuana than those teens that didn’t exert physical activity. While the reasons behind these results are not fully known, it makes sense that teens that exercise and take care of their bodies may be too busy to get involved with drugs or alcohol. Exercise makes us feel good about ourselves, and helps people overcome the negative thoughts that can lead to substance abuse. Exercise is often a part of drug treatment programs, because of the distraction it provides, and the way it seems to give a boost of confidence while also relieving stress and depression.

But some of the studies now are showing what it is about exercise that helps in the struggle with addiction. Exercise stimulates endorphins, which are neurochemicals that help stabilize our mood. These neurochemicals are depleted in addicts, which leaves these individuals with negative thoughts to go along with their actions, leading them into a destructive downward cycle. With the benefits of exercise, an addict can bring positive behavior into their life to replace the substance abuse.
A study by Mark A. Smith from Davidson College suggests that physical activity can actually reduce the risk of becoming addicted to drugs. In his study, rats were less likely to ingest amphetamines if their cages had running wheels. According to Smith, exercise reduces the rewarding effects of drugs such as cocaine because it “alters the number of dopamine receptors in the brain, meaning that drugs then have less of a euphoric effect.”

Another study by Dr. Bess Marcus from Brown University found that smokers that exercised three times a week while trying to quit smoking were twice as likely to succeed as those that didn’t exercise.

However, the research in this area is minimal, and this has caused the NIDA to devote a two day conference this past summer to the topic. Scientists met in June to share their research on the connection between physical activity and the prevention of substance use. Some of the studies focused on neurobiological, developmental, and social effects of exercise and how this relates to substance abuse prevention. It was concluded at the conference that there are things scientists don’t yet understand about the role of physical activity in the prevention of addiction, but that there is some evidence that exercise aid in substance abuse prevention. However, the NIDA has plans to fund additional studies to discuss their questions about exercise. It is hoped that with further study on physical activity and its effects also on other health conditions, scientists will be more informed about the effects of exercise on substance addiction.

Sources

Neergaard, Lauran Can exercising exorcise addictions to drugs, alcohol? Associated Press Chicago Tribune September 2, 2008

Exercise May Prevent Drug Addiction Cocaine User Helping Hand July 11, 2008

Can Physical Activity and Exercise Prevent Substance Use:
Promoting a Full Range of Science to Inform Prevention NIDA Conference June 5-6. 2008

A huge debate erupted this past week over the legal drinking age in the United States. The debate was sparked by John McCardell (former Middlebury College President) and his Choose Responsibility organization’s call to discuss this issue. More than 100 college presidents are now on board with the initiative, which asks the public to consider a lowering of the legal drinking age.

McCardell and his supporters argue that the current drinking age of 21 encourages young college students (who are going to drink anyway) to hide their drinking; putting them more at risk than if the drinking age was lowered. Supporters of the initiative agree that college officials and parents have a hard time teaching 18-20 year olds about safe drinking when legally this age group isn’t supposed to be drinking. By bringing the issue out into the open and making drinking legal at 18, these supporters believe that they can more effectively educate this age group about making responsible choices about alcohol.

Supporters of lowering the drinking age also argue that 18-20 year olds are allowed to vote and serve in the military, and forbidding them to consume alcohol seems hypocritical and degrading.

Choose Responsibility plans to continue to push for this discussion throughout the country, and they have come up with a plan on how this will all work. The “Amethyst Initiative” is the group’s alcohol education program, which allows for drinking licenses to be issued to 18-20 year olds who successfully complete the program, similar to drivers’ education. Teens who drink before they turn 18 would lose their right to apply for the alcohol license.

Not everyone is convinced. Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) has lead the way for the critics, claiming that these college officials on the list of supporters are taking the easy way out instead of enforcing laws on their campuses. MADD has called for these college presidents to remove their names from the list and partner with law enforcement to come up with real solutions.

Also taking a stand against the initiative is the National Transportation Safety Board, and the International Association of Chiefs of Police, who say that lowering the drinking age would “jeopardize the lives of more teens”. These organizations maintain that increasing the drinking age to 21 in the 70’s and 80’s has nationally saved 1000 lives a year.

Critics of lowering the drinking age say that the way to handle alcohol abuse in 18-20 year olds is to enforce the 21 drinking age and have stricter consequences for adults and establishments providing alcohol to individuals under 21. Another key issue according to these opponents is that colleges need to seriously consider the environment found on their campuses and work to do away with the “college is for drinking” attitude found all too often.

The timing is significant for this whole debate. A 1984 federal law restricts a state’s access to federal highway funds if it sets a drinking age lower than 21, which quickly lead to all states raising their drinking ages to 21. This law is up for reauthorization next year, and there will be much more discussion until that time.

Enos, Gary A. Drinking age law vaults into debate Addiction Professional 8/21/2008

The Right Age for Drinking editorial Washington Post.com August 24, 2008

Henson, Scott The case for lowering the legal drinking age Dallas News.com August 23, 2008

Pope, Justin College presidents spark debate on drinking age Associated Press August 22, 2008